Stone

Stones are structure materials for the construction of monumental architecture
 * What are stones? **

I know 2 types of stone: rubble and ashlar masonry
 * How many kinds of stone do you know? **[[image:stone.gif width="388" height="268" align="right"]]

Stones are durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment and difficult to quarry, transport and cut.
 * What characteristics do stones have? **

Because stones have the ability to make a construction look old, memorial and even strong.
 * Why are stones used in construction? **

**1.** Rubble is the simplest and cheapest stonework. **2**. Ashlar masonry is the strongest and most suitable stonework for monumental architecture.
 * Definitions **


 * Statements of comparison and contrast**
 * 1.** Ashlar because of its weight and the precision with which it can be shaped, stone masonry in contrast with brick does not depend on strong bonding for stability where it supports only direct downward loads.
 * 2.** The simplest and cheapest stonework is rubble; i.e., roughly broken stones of any shape bounded in mortar.The strongest and most suitable stonework for monumental architecture is ashlar


 * Statements expressing cause and effect**
 * 1.** The entablatures (the upper sections of a classical order that rest on the capital of a column) of an ancient Greek temple, for example, were bonded by small bronze dowels. But the weight creates problems of stability when loads push at an angle; stone vaults and arches require more support and buttressing than equivalent forms in other materials.
 * 2.** Stone it has generally been replaced as a structural material by cheaper and more efficient manufactured products, it is still widely used as a surface veneer for its practical and expressive qualities.


 * Adjectives in the superlative form.**
 * 1.** The strongest and most suitable stonework for monumental architecture is ashlar masonry
 * 2**. The simplest and cheapest stonework is rubble; i.e., roughly broken stones of any shape bounded in mortar


 * Adjectives in the comparative form.**
 * 1**. Although it has generally been replaced as a structural material by cheaper and more efficient manufactured products.
 * 2**. Since the stone resists deformation better than any bonding material.

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